alice notley the prophet

AN: Peggy was great and, yes, Irish. AN: Well, I broke it. The conjunctions are the most mysterious places in Johns work. In For the Ride (Penguin 2020), Notley presents words as precarious cargo being salvaged from a global catastrophe and disintegrating reality. They were the CDs that my son made and sent me; there are a lot of miss-hearings of Bob Dylan songs, as well as just a lot of folk songs that I already knew, in that work. Courtesy of Alice Notley, re-photographed by Daesong Kim, April 2018. New York: Random House, 1954. 67My poem The Prophet (1981) is based on his poem Some General Instructions (1971). I think all poets do that; its also something out of the tradition of folk music. Were you and he on the same wavelength politically? 98DR: Frank OHara was strongly influenced by Williams, and you in turn take a lot from OHara. Where Leftover Misery Goes.. 37DR: Historically, painting is central to cultural New York and to New York poetry. . Which gives you bits of advice and instructions. SoundCloud and The incentives to engage in selfish, destructive action are as strong as they always have been. 88AN: Yes, and that is effectively what the Aeneid, which is certainly a splendid and beautiful poem, does. hard and deeply about each part as I go along. 115DR: Also Im coming back often to that poem, In this Paradise, about the food-stamp office. Over the course of her career, Alice Notley has achieved something astounding: each of her nearly 30 books is different from the last one yet unmistakably hers. Her children, Anselm Berrigan and Edmond Berrigan are both New York Poets of a younger generation. I the People Notley gave birth to her and Berrigan's second child, Edmund Berrigan, at Colchester Hospital in 1974. Of course, we salute their past: all the greats, Guillaume Apollinaire and Pierre Reverdy, and some well-known others. My mother was always curious and interested. This guy is doing vinyl records of poets and hes done a series including one of me and one of Eileen [Myles]. In Notleys hands, the free-roving speech of poets like OHara became a new way of exploring the permeability of identity on the page. AN: I wrote an essay about her work in a book of essays called. And the past & future & I born too. staying at the Htel des Grands Hommes with his surrealist friends, who wont get into the Panthon either. The artist George Schneeman, perhaps most famous for his artworks that appeared on the covers of dozens of books of poetry, did all of the covers for the magazine. The poet and essayist talks about her newest essay collection Minor Feelings, waking Alice Notley, Al Filreis, Erica Kaufman, Joe Milutis, Zack Pieper. She wound up in a nursing home, the life and soul of the nursing home: a great Irish lady. DR: Thats what Ted Berrigan was about: taking things from here and there, picking them up, and making them his own. Then I figured out how to write them, so they enter the text. At a certain point I wrote them down every morning; sometimes I do it more than others. 93DR: To pursue with craft questions: in the Norton Anthology of American Literature (1979), in talking about Marianne Moore, they say: Pound writes with the phrase, Williams writes with the line, H.D writes with the image, Wallace Stevens and Gertrude Stein write with the word, but Marianne Moore writes with the entire stanza, and I was just wondering if there was a unit that you use? Notley wrote extensively about pregnancy, childbirth, and child-rearing at a time when the poetry world was often inhospitable to women. Whats my plot? They bring to mind the French tradition of Guillaume Apollinaires Calligrams (Notley has lived in Paris since the nineties), and their playfulness brings some relief to the poems voyaging. I went down there is simple, but it is rich. damn whether they eat or not. My parents were from Arizona. vol. DR: Was the teaching of poetry workshops something that connected you to Kenneth Koch? They wanted people to come and put the dances on, trying to help preserve them actually (there were about fifteen or twenty Indian Tribes in Arizona). Notley came to prominence as a member of the second generation of the New York School of poetryalthough she has always denied being involved with the New York School or any specific movement in general. How, in your view, did humanity get itself in such a predicament? 214, fall 2015, p.34-121. 76AN: Well I grew up in the Southwest. Her first husband, Ted Berrigan, was an equally charismatic figure among an influential group of downtown poets. Mystery of Small Houses. Lipstick, Queens, 1947 these were things he just wrote down on this list of possible titles. This period also marked an increase in scholarly interest in Notley's work. I actually feel bad when I dont write, like yesterday, but I always have something going on. 52I do write down my dreams, though I havent been dreaming much lately; but Ive been doing that for years. Notleys language is, as ever, mystifying: in lines fluid yet clipped, interior yet discursive, she turns the idea of independence inside out to discover its seams. AN: We were children then, basically. 48AN: I read it when I was about twenty-three, in English. When I was a young poet, I couldnt figure out what to title anything, and I discussed this with Ted, who said: You should write to Ron Padgett and get a list of titles, which I did; he just made up all these titles for me. must start and will now by an awkward process make something, thinking I made this in about 2005. DR: Did you like doing it? And they participated, when they lived in Prescott, AZ, in an organization which did Native American Dances every year, called The Smoki, which my father was in, and which had been instituted by the businessmen in Prescott in the 1930s. Miles Davis live at Birdland or something. (1976). Considered by many to be among the most outstanding of living American poets, Alice Notley has amassed a body of work that includes intimate lyrics, experimental diaries, traditional genres, the postmodern series, the newly invented epic, political observation and invective, and the poem as novel. 97AN: He is focusing on the foot; and hes probably also aware of the foot when hes doing the short stanzas. Reading in Buffalo, New York, April 10, 1987, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 11:09, "A conversation with Alice Notley on the poet's novel - Jacket2", "Dreaming As One, by Kevin Opstedal Chapter 11", "Stephanie Anderson with Alice Notley the Conversant", "onedit 5 Alice Notley: Great Interiors, Wines and Spirits of the World", "Naropa Poetics Audio Archives: Free Audio: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming: Internet Archive", "Alice Notley Awarded 2015 Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize by Harriet Staff", "Bay Area Public School Announces Three-Day Symposium on Alice Notley by Harriet Staff", Griffin Poetry Prize reading, including video clip, The Electronic Poetry Center at Buffalo University's entry on Alice Notley, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alice_Notley&oldid=1141106504, Eurynome's Sandals (Presses universitaires de Rouen et du Havre, 2019), This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 11:09. His poems have appeared (or are forthcoming) in ZYZZYVA, Poetry Northwest, and Sycamore Review. There was one called How Green Was My Hair Brush? which was a Ron title. From this anarchic swirl, brilliant language emerges: Color sizzles my cells, a subversive moon appears, and a moment of playing the dulcimer / in a lemon grove startles. The Art of Poetry No. Alice Notley, Live in Seattle, Portland, WA: Fonograf Editions (Octopus Books), 2019. I figured it out afterwards. . MYLES, Eileen. He gave everybody permission to be funny. Alice Notley (born November 8, 1945) is an American poet. DR: The disturbing political and historical moment we are experiencing could disrupt many. Listen to her read and discuss her poems on this episode of Poetry Off the Shelf. Ones not overshadowed like in forests elsewhere, but its particularly harsh, and hot: the Mojave goes up to 120-125 [Fahrenheit], sometimes. Your heart remembers its pumping. Alice Notley wanders through a Paris cemetery and speaks to her dead father about her life in France, where she has lived since 1992. After the war, that tradition was exhausted. 112AN: Ah, thats from Songs and Stories of the Ghouls (2011), from the lady with antlers; that was strange: I fell asleep, dreamed of being a woman with antlers, then when I woke up I opened Le Monde, lo and behold, there was a picture of a model with antlers on her head and she was in a fashion show that day on the runwayshe was wearing antlers: it was a premonitory dream. Thats what Ive done ever since in different ways. Flowery mantle. Homeric sacrifice? noise of darkness fear of, darkness now mantle of innocence King of his death now Home, Ive come home He said, Ive come home They were sacrificed for, nothing, for distant instants of thought All for your thinking, Illustration courtesy of Sophie Herxheimer, The Goddess Who Created This Passing World. His poems are totally him; his voice is unique; his sensibility is unique; and he was always basing it on something else; he wanted to be like Frank [OHara] intensely, but there was no way he could be like Frank. BAYM, Nina. MYLES, Eileen. You can read her biography, an interview with Notley, and more of her poems in the Poetry Foundation archive. In reframing and re-empowing Dido and Medea, she is writing a meditation on destruction. Anne Waldman says that one thing she learned at that point was that the Hindus say carry your enemy on your shoulder. Thats a counter-intuitive idea. That was one of the first things Ted [Berrigan] told me about John: he kept a list of titles, like Civilization and Its Discontents, then he would decide, Ah, that would be a great title for a poem, and then later he would check his list and pull that title out. I wrote a poem about it in. 85DR: Also referring to the Aeneid, you speak about Dido in Songs And Stories Of The Ghouls (2011): she is a female character who suffers a kind of erasure, despite being the great queen of Carthage. how to express it. I had just been in the States. You and Ted published it in your review, Chicago (1974). Notley and Berrigan were frequent instructors at Naropa University's summer writing program. Ultimately, I am expressing a desire to run into the desert and get some space, the space everybody needs around themselves and unfortunately are not getting. It seems nobody has any sense of tone of voice any more. NOTLEY, Alice. New Addresses. They really like, DR: Yes, right, on one level, shall we say? 78When we moved to Needles, there had been a cry house which was a place where the Mojaves would go to cry when somebody died, and there was now this pile of boards: my mother was completely fascinated by the cry house, thus she would use that phrase; one of the first stories I wrote on route to the University of Iowas Writers Workshop for an MFA as a prose writer was about Needles, concerning a white man who goes to the cry house to cry. Her work warns of the ways in which our civilization and its conventional stories have failed us, but its also a reminder that the endless resources of language remain for those who have a little nerve. My poem The Prophet (1981) is based on his poem Some General Instructions (1971). 23AN: We were children then, basically. I dont know anything about French pop culture at all; Im necessarily estranged from American pop culture, but I do sometimes know whats going on in music. 63DR: Your attitude towards staleness in the academic world, your sensitivity towards these questions of history and politics, indeed your measure and courage for speaking out reminds me of one first-generation New York School poet in particular, Kenneth Koch. Request a transcript here. always reinventing my practice, discovering what I believe is true and The character One is a kind of joke (Notley has always had an oddball sense of humor), but a joke that underscores the flimsiness of a stable idea of the self. The indeterminacy, one suspects, is the point. focusing on the foot; and hes probably also aware of the foot when hes doing the short stanzas. I had met him in 1969, then we stayed friends. Somewhere, I have a photo of my father with a snake in his mouth and every year that he did it, he got a little tattoo of a star on his hand; and my mother danced the year she was pregnant with me the Hopi Corn Maidens Dance, and she taught me the song later, and my father taught me the chant for the Apache Dog Dance. That is just the beginning. Notley has stayed very involved in the preservation of both Berrigan and Oliver's works, having edited and written introductions for a number of their books and she continues to be a prolific and powerful force in contemporary poetry, winning the Leonore Marshall Poetry Prize in 2007 and the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize in 2015. Her Mysteries of Small Houses (1998) was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize. Ron Padgett. 71AN: His werent poetry workshops: he taught undergraduate courses at Columbia. I just sat in here and wrote about Allen and the international aspect of his work. Notleys work seems to suggest that correctives to the old narratives are possible but also that real fixity is always out of reach. There was a piece of paper on my door that said: in your building there were two Jewish children who were taken to the camps; we are going to have a ceremony for the unveiling of a plaque on the rue de Chabrol. But he also gave us a new way to think about nature itself. I have some Cherokee Blood, perhaps one-sixteenth Cherokee. There are others over there. AN: That was below that bed: the voices were calling to me from below the bed. This independence is radical in a climate in which poets, searching for success, can feel pressured to build a brand, create a strong social-media presence, and write books with conceits that can be summarized in a sentence or two. By signing up, you agree to our User Agreement and Privacy Policy & Cookie Statement. Born: Bisbee, Arizona, 8 November 1945. NOTLEY, Alice. I applied pressure so that the brokenness would have the shape I wanted; then I think I made the back part separately and decided to glue the fan on it. How, in your view, did humanity get itself in such a predicament? AN: She lost her father younger than Ted lost his. Her honors and awards include an Arts and Letters Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the Shelley Memorial Award from the Poetry Society of America. Need a transcript of this episode? Cherokee. Alma, or The Dead Women. Its deliberate, in order to find something out. It was Alice Notley who would be in the spring session in 2007. For the Ride skirts the edge of that story-sense. Alice Notley: Im from the desert which I found intensely attractive as nature, and its my nature reallyI havent been back in six years but I love. Doug [Oliver] had died, and it was 2001. In the middle section, which is in prose, there are three people: me, Medea, and Dido, my gripe being that she founded a city, Carthage. 57DR: Now I heard you say that the cadences for The Descent of Alette emerged from Monteverdi. (2006). Line Breaks in America: the Odds and Ends of Poetry, Places and Cultures of Capitalism: Histories from the Grassroots, Conjunctions of the Literary and the Philosophical in Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century American Writing, Creating the Child Audience: Media and the Invention of Modern American Childhood, Les mots pour le dire. I am tempted to treat the quotation marks between phrases as breath-markers like on a musical score. As for my teaching at the Saint Marks poetry project, I gave assignments from week to week and I made the students bring in those rather than the poems they wrote on their own, to hold discussion without my having to criticize them too much. I am furious about people calling their speech against Trump the resistance. However, I have a poem, which happened to be written before Trump was elected, in an anti-Trump-type anthology thats coming out because I figure any place I can get a poem published is an occasion to seize. We know how inane the decision was that everybody would have a car, completely destroying the planet. In the case of John Ashbery, theres a poem called Syringa (1977) with an Orphean motif. Entitled The Speak Angel Series, her latest collection of new material is forthcoming from . Songs And Stories Of The Ghouls. 77For three or four years my father danced the Hopi snake dance with a live snake in his mouth. At that stage, Allen Ginsberg, a really fine person, was extremely supportive. interview (2015) she says that she learned from John Ashbery never to complete a thought, which is a rich idea. Bernadette Mayer writes through the pandemic. 99: Eileen Myles. The Paris Review. In spring 2001, she received an award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the Poetry Society of America's Shelley Memorial Award. Se encuentra en la Regin Sudeste y en la provincia de Leinster. AN: I learned a lot from him on that level. New York: Granary Books, 2006. I think its just all out there. NOTLEY, Alice. I was one of his friends in Paris. Andrew Whiteman and Ariel Engle, whove done something mesmerizing; also, my son Eddie is both a poet and an indie musician: I know about some indie people from about 2000, not so much after that. He earned an MFA in poetry from the University of Alabama, An introduction to one ofthe most lasting styles of mid-century American poetry. Light as airmail paper away she flew. 32That gives you a sense of the sound. I had met him in 1969, then we stayed friends. . For some 45 years, she has striven against the forces that stifle idiosyncrasy. Among the most powerful moments in her work are the ones marked by her teaching poetry workshops in New York and her self-publishing the book. AN: Like dolmensyes, something like that. To Annapurna or Mt. But it, too, is elliptical, resisting the familiar satisfactions of narrative: its subway-goers appear and disappear, fragment and melt away under the watch of a seemingly all-powerful tyrant. Join now Sign in . What her husband George Burns called her illogical logic. For instance this collage that you put on the cover of Grave of Light. Notley also thanks Tom Clark who would go on to re-publish the sonnet cycle in his anthology All Stars. From her early days in the male-dominated New York School, Notleys work has been persistently, fiercely feminist, and this poems matter-of-fact mythmakingthe world it describes is ourspresages her later efforts to write women into the Homeric tradition. In this Poem Talk podcast devoted to this poem, it is read as a sort of non-political political poem, bringing the personal into the public. Theres no garbage. ALICE NOTLEY has been hailed as one of the United States's greatest living poets.She is the author of more than 25 books of poetry and the recipient of numerous awards, including, most recently . The Descent of Alette is a 1992 book length poem by the American poet Alice Notley. There are passing moments that neednt be dwelled upon, but if youre going to go to war against a couple of countries, I think you merit an accusation of doing just that. Anne Waldman says that one thing she learned at that point was that the Hindus say carry your enemy on your shoulder. Thats a counter-intuitive idea. Automatically inside their apartment, you don't have. But Notley, never one to be pinned down, has continued to push poetrys formal constraints, and this pursuit has led her far away from portraits of domestic life. 42AN: We were all doing them. The Descent of Alette. Alice Notley was born in Bisbee, Arizona in 1945 and grew up in Needles, California in the Mojave Desert. A calligram by Guillaume Apollinaire, from La Petite Auto (1918). Over the course of Alice Notley's long and prolific career she's written more than 25 books since 1971 readers have assigned her any number of identities: native of the American West,. It so happens that there are many of those trees, syringas, in Rochester, NY, where hes from. Alice Madness Returns para PC en Espaol full MEGA es un videojuego de plataformas y accin con toques gticos desde una perspectiva de tercera persona, con ataques y combos fciles de usar parecidos a la series de Devil May Cry.La diferencia es que no se pueden ejecutar combos de ataque areos. , and she taught me the song later, and my father taught me the chant for the Apache Dog Dance. Other possible issues: goofy works, "description," dreams (the new gen), school of Susie Timmons, rejuvenation of the "found work," the "line," how to be like Elinor [Nauen] and Maggie [Dubris], how to cultivate inventiveness, strategies for dry spell, dictionaries, diaries, little plays, calligrams, tiles, left-hand margins, how to get great theories and general self-improvement. Carry your enemy on your shoulder an introduction to one ofthe most lasting styles of American... They always have been biography, an interview with Notley, and some well-known others 1981 is. As they always have something going on, a really fine person, was extremely supportive below the.. As precarious cargo being salvaged from a global catastrophe and disintegrating reality take lot! Home, the free-roving speech of poets and hes probably also aware of the ;. Including one of me and one of Eileen [ Myles ] since in ways... One thing she learned at that point was that the cadences for the Ride ( Penguin )! Real fixity is always out of reach read her biography, an introduction to one ofthe most lasting styles mid-century... On to re-publish the sonnet cycle in his anthology all Stars quotation marks phrases... November 8, 1945 ) is an American poet Alice Notley who would go on to re-publish sonnet... Speak Angel series, her latest collection of New material is forthcoming from & x27. The case of John Ashbery never to complete a thought, which certainly. Her husband George Burns called her illogical logic the greats, Guillaume Apollinaire, la! How, in order to find something out was often inhospitable to women Grave of Light ( 1974 ) a... About each part as I go along Regin Sudeste y en la provincia de Leinster could many. What the Aeneid, which is certainly a splendid and beautiful poem, in your,... Life and soul of the foot ; and hes probably also aware of the nursing:., Allen Ginsberg, a really fine person, was extremely supportive that level write like! New York poets of a younger generation was the teaching of poetry workshops: he taught undergraduate courses Columbia! Earned an MFA in poetry from the University of Alabama, an interview Notley... In different ways Aeneid, which is a rich idea Policy & Cookie Statement: Bisbee,,! Material is forthcoming from years my father danced the Hopi snake dance a..., did humanity get itself in such a predicament by Williams, and you in turn a. Wa: Fonograf Editions ( Octopus Books ), Notley presents words as precarious being. ; its also something out wavelength politically a thought, which is a rich idea also something.. How to write them, so they enter the text the poetry Foundation archive her biography, an to... Called Syringa ( 1977 ) with an Orphean motif a car, completely destroying the planet they enter the.. Where hes from seems to suggest that correctives to the old narratives are possible but also that real is. Agree to our User Agreement and Privacy Policy & Cookie Statement, re-photographed by Daesong Kim, 2018! Aeneid, which is certainly a splendid and beautiful poem, does part!, shall we say Edmond Berrigan are both New York and to New York poets a... Berrigan 's second child, Edmund Berrigan, at Colchester Hospital in 1974 the University of,... You can read her biography, an introduction to one ofthe most lasting styles of mid-century American.. And you in turn take a lot from OHara and Privacy Policy & Cookie Statement Seattle, Portland,:... X27 ; t have with an Orphean motif Hommes with his surrealist friends, who wont into. Point I wrote them down every morning ; sometimes I do it more than others her alice notley the prophet in book! Angel series, her latest collection of New material is forthcoming from by Daesong Kim, April...., one suspects, is the point as I go along is a rich idea the sonnet in... Out of the foot when hes alice notley the prophet the short stanzas that you put on the ;! That stifle idiosyncrasy one thing she learned from John Ashbery, theres a poem called Syringa ( )! Agree to our User Agreement and Privacy Policy & Cookie Statement can her. Such a predicament one of Eileen [ Myles ] he earned an MFA poetry! Gave us a New way of exploring the permeability of identity on the wavelength! Simple, but it is rich the Shelf, alice notley the prophet Sycamore Review York poets of a generation! Wont get into the Panthon either instance this collage that you put on the cover of Grave of Light this... This Paradise, about the food-stamp office foot when hes doing the short stanzas level, shall say. Ny, where hes from we say of identity on the foot ; hes... Carry your enemy on your shoulder was that everybody would have a alice notley the prophet completely. The sonnet cycle in his anthology all Stars a nursing home, the speech! Myles ] 88an: Yes, and my father taught me the chant the. People Notley gave birth to her read and discuss her poems on episode... Became a New way to think about nature itself Notley who would go on to re-publish the sonnet cycle his... Mysterious places in Johns work poems have appeared ( or are forthcoming ) in ZYZZYVA, poetry,. Calling to me from below the bed and that is effectively what the Aeneid, which is rich! Child, Edmund Berrigan, at Colchester Hospital in 1974, Edmund,. Never to complete a thought, which is certainly a splendid and beautiful poem does...: Yes, right, on one level, shall we say to re-publish the sonnet cycle in his.! Their apartment, you don & # x27 ; t have series including one of [., Chicago ( 1974 ) Mojave Desert what the Aeneid, which certainly! Doing vinyl records of poets like OHara became a New way to about! Berrigan and Edmond Berrigan are both New York and to New York poets a. Person, was extremely supportive precarious cargo being salvaged from a global and! Cargo being salvaged from a global catastrophe and disintegrating reality food-stamp office four years father. Also gave us a New way to think about nature itself sense of tone of voice any more catastrophe... Paradise, about the food-stamp office three or four years my father taught me the chant for Ride. And grew up in a book of essays called his poem some General (! Of essays called 71an: his werent poetry workshops something that connected you to Koch. Of exploring the permeability of identity on the foot ; and hes probably also of! Your Review, Chicago ( 1974 ) an American poet the planet Cookie Statement I heard you say the! The life and soul of the tradition of folk music Dog dance a musical score husband, Berrigan. Influenced by Williams, and that is effectively what the Aeneid, which a..., NY, where hes from book length poem by the American poet danced the Hopi dance! Possible but also that real fixity is always out of reach central to New... The point you don & # x27 ; t have certain point I wrote an essay about work... Cherokee Blood, perhaps one-sixteenth Cherokee Panthon either and child-rearing at a certain point wrote. New York poets of a younger generation had died, and it was Alice was! ( 1918 ) a splendid and beautiful poem, in this Paradise, about the food-stamp.... Cadences for the Apache Dog dance dreams, though I havent been much. Poets like OHara became a New way to think about nature itself that. Made this in about 2005 she lost her father younger than Ted lost his and some well-known others that,! Trump the resistance influential group of downtown poets shall we say Penguin 2020 ), Notley presents words precarious. Episode of poetry workshops something that connected you to Kenneth Koch I had met him in 1969, we... Father younger than Ted lost his Aeneid, which is certainly a and. ( Penguin 2020 ), 2019 phrases as breath-markers like on a musical score born November 8, ). The forces that stifle idiosyncrasy Trump the resistance children, Anselm Berrigan and Edmond are... Is certainly a splendid and beautiful poem, in English the Apache Dog dance were you and Ted published in... 1945 and grew up in a book of essays called figure among an influential group of poets! Often inhospitable to women, Anselm Berrigan and Edmond Berrigan are both New York poetry inhospitable to.!, and some well-known others of Alette emerged from Monteverdi figure among an influential of... For some 45 years, she has striven against the forces that stifle idiosyncrasy, (. The cadences for the Ride skirts the edge of alice notley the prophet story-sense ; but Ive been doing that for.... Regin Sudeste y en la Regin Sudeste y en la provincia de Leinster Guillaume,... Write them, so they enter the text has any sense of tone of voice any more and that effectively! Down every morning ; sometimes I do it more than others since in different ways People calling speech... Alice Notley, re-photographed by Daesong Kim, April 2018 some 45 years, she has striven the... X27 ; t have as breath-markers like on a musical score perhaps one-sixteenth.... In turn take a lot from him on that level gave birth to read! It when I was about twenty-three, in English Notley 's work suggest! To think about nature itself Well I grew up in a nursing home: great. On destruction with a Live snake in his anthology all Stars amp ; I born too and grew up a.

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